A Victorian occultist’s study at night with a gas lamp, velvet drapes, a crystal ball, leather books and a séance table
Archive illustration commissioned for Sophia Aporrheta

Victorian Occultism

Gaslight, learned societies and the making of modern occultism.

The second half of the nineteenth century saw an extraordinary flowering of occult publishing in Britain and America. Theosophists, Golden Dawn magicians, occult Spiritualists and independent scholars translated old texts, founded societies and wrote the books that still define the field.

This shelf gathers representative works: Blavatsky’s Isis Unveiled and Secret Doctrine, Mathers’s Kabbalah Unveiled, Westcott’s Collectanea Hermetica and studies of numbers and the Isiac Tablet, Hargrave Jennings on the Rosicrucians, Emma Hardinge Britten’s Art Magic and Ghost Land, and Waite’s translation of Lévi that carried French magic across the Channel.

Read these books as a conversation among people who knew, cited and often quarrelled with one another. Many claimed ancient authority for ideas that were new, and much of their scholarship has since been corrected. Yet they preserved and translated a great deal of older material, and the vocabulary they created, of correspondences, astral planes, initiatory grades and hidden masters, is the vocabulary most modern readers still use. Following the connections between them is one of the best ways to understand how modern esotericism came to be.

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