Pseudomonarchia Daemonum

Johann Weyers Pseudomonarchia Daemonum is a 16th-century catalog of demons appended to his broader critiques of witchcraft and demonology. While often consulted by later occultists, it is historically important as both a demonological reference and a skeptical engagement with contemporary beliefs, listing demons, their ranks, and supposed functions.

Johann Weyer (c. 1515–1588) was a Dutch physician and demonological writer who became one of the most important early critics of witch persecution. In works such as De praestigiis daemonum, he argued that many alleged witches were deluded or mentally ill, making him a significant figure in the history of occultism, medicine, and anti-witchcraft polemic.